When composing more complex numbers, use the following pattern, but omit what you do not need in the formula: number1-9 mil(es) - number1-9cinentos - tennumber y number1-9

Examples: 58 - cincuenta y ocho, 761 - setecientos sesenta y uno, 1233 - mil doscientos trainta y tres

2.7 Ordinal numbers

The ordinal numbers from 1 to 10 are: First - primero, second - segundo, third - tercero, forth - cuarto, fifth -quinto, seventh - séptimo or sétimo, eighth - octavo, ninth - noveno, tenth - décimo.

3. Spanish verbs

3.1 Infinitive and general consepts

Spanish has thre verb classes or conjugations: first, secund and third, and also many irregular verbs. Verbs of the first conjugation often have "a" as the first part of the ending, those of the secund usually have "e" and those of the third have endings beginneing with "i".

The infinitive of first conjugation end in -ar, that of the sexond have -er, and that of the thir -ir.

Examples:  amar - to love, comer - to eat, finir - to finish.

When the infinitive endings are taken away, one gets the root of the verb: am-, com-, fin-.

Some verb forms are made by adding more endiongs to the root, others are made by adding more ednings to the full infinitive.

Verbs are conjugated in time/aspect, modi, persons and number for the subject.

There are also passive and reflexive constructions.

3.2 Present (prs)

The inflection is indicated by means of example verbs and their endings. The roots and endings are here separated with a hyphen. Such a hyphen is not used in real use.

Indicative

Conjunctive

3.3 The gerund and contious forms

The basic mening of the gerund is telleing that sometings is goeing on.

1. Conjugation: am-ando

2. Conjugation: tem-iendo

3. Conjugation: part-iendo

The continous forms is used to tell about actions taking place, but without indicating the beginning and end of te action. It is used by combining a tense of the verb estar with the gerund

Estamos partiendo de Madrid = we are departing from Madrid.

3.4 Imperfect form

Indicative

Conjunctive

In adition to the imperfect subjunctive form containing an "-ra-", there are alternative forms containing an "-se" :  am-ase, amases, amase, etc

The imperfect forms is used about something taking long time in the past, when you speak about something going on the past but not about the action finishing,  or about someting repeating itself in the past.

Ex: Partíamos de Madrid. = We were departing from Madrid.

Instead of a plain imperfect form, one can sometimes use a past continous form:

 Estíamos partiendo de Madrid. = We were departing from Madrid.

The indicative forms are used to express something certain. The conjunctive is used to express somethingthat is not quite certain or some event that was dependent of some other event and therefore would not occur without that other event.

3.5 The preterite form

The preterite is used about an action in the past that happend once, that was finnished and that did not take a long time. It is also used about the beginning of a state or an action in the past.

Partimmos de Madrid. = We departed from Madrid.

3.6 The perfect participle and the perfect

The perfect participle denotes  a state after an action has been done to something or someone. When used this way it behaves as an adjective

It is also used to make the composite tense perfect.

1. Conjugation: am-ado/a/os/as

2. Conjugation: tem-ido/a/os/as

3. Conjugation: part-ido/a/os/as

The perfect tense is made by combining the present of haber with the masculine singular form of the perfect participle.

The perfect is used about an action in the near past that happend once, that were finnished and thar still has an importance in the present time, not very different from the way you use the perfect tense in English. However, in many Spanish speaking areas, the perfect tense is little used.

3.7 Pluperfect

The pluperfect tense for most transitive verbs is made by combining the preterite of haver with a perfect participle. The participle is declioned in gender and number according to the subject.

The pluperfect tense of most intransitive and reflexive verbs are made by combining the preterite tense of ser with a perfect participle.

The pluperfect is used about an action in the past that occured befor another action.

Quando havíamos comido, somos partidos a Madrid = When we had eaten, we departed to Madrid.

3.8 Future

The future is made by adding endings marking person and number to the infinitive.

These endings are:

Singular: 1p é, 2p -ás, 3p -á  Plural: 1p -emos, 2p -éis, 3p -án

For some verbs the infinitive is contracted or otherwise changed before adding the endings. The most common are:

caber - cabr-, haber - habr-, hacer - har-, poner - pondr-, poder - podr-, salir - saldr-, tener - tendr-, valer - valdr, venir - vendr

The future is used to express something that will happen in the future. It is also often used to express somefing one believes happen either in the present or the future.

Comeremos muy tarde esta noche - we will eat very late this evening.

3.9 Future perfect (sf)

The future perfect is made by combining the first future of haber with the perfect participle of the main verb.

It is used to express something in the future that will happen before a specific time or another event in the futire. It can also express something one supposes has allready happened before a certain time or event, either in the future, the past or the present.

Habré comido antes partiro a Madrid - I will have eaten before I (shall) depart to Madrid.

3.11 Present conditional (fc)

The present conditional is made by adding endings marking person and number to the infinitive.

These endings are:

Singular: 1p ía, 2p -ías, 3p -ía  Plural: 1p -íamos, 2p -íais, 3p -ían

For some verbs the infinitive is contracted or otherwise changed before adding the endings. The most common are:

caber - cabr-, haber - habr-, hacer - har-, poner - pondr-, poder - podr-, salir - saldr-, tener - tendr-, valer - valdr, venir - vendr

The conditional is used to express something that ought to happen, or is intended to happen, but not necessarily will happen.

Comeríamos aora - we should actually have eaten now.

3.12 Conditional perfect 

The conditional perfect is made by combining the presaent conditional of haber with the perfect participle of the main verb.

It is used to express something that should allready have happended, but has not necessarily happened.

Habríamos comido aora - Whe should have eaten (allready) by now.

4. Spanish adverbs (adv)

4.1 Adverbial forms

One often make adverbs from adjectives by adding the ending -mente to the feminine form of the adjective.

4.2 Comparison of adverbs

The comparative degree of adverbs is made by placing mas before the adverb and the superlative degree is made by placing the definite article before mas: el mas, la mas, los mas, les mas

4.3 Irregular spanish adverbs

Some adverbs are not derived from adjectives, but has a root with adverbial meaning: Además - additionally / besides, Algo - somewhat / slightly, Apenas - barely / hardly, Bastante - enough / quite a bit, Demasiado - too much, Mas - more, Medio - halfly, Menos - less

The adverb muy - much has the comparative mas - more.

4.4 numeric adverbs

5. Spanish word order

The most common word order is subject - predicate - object - other complements. The subject is however often placed after the verb or last in the sentence.

Adjectives are usually placed after the noun, but the most common adjectives are often placed before the noun.

Unstressed spanish personal pronouns are not actually independent words, they are rather affixes to the verb that are placed in special positions. About these see above under pronouns.

6. Negation

The most common spanish negation word is "no". It means no, and also not. It is placed before the verb to negate a sentence.

No hé comido. - I have not eaten.

7. Questions

In spanish questions are made by rizing the voice towardss the end of a sentence. In interogartive sentences, the subject is often placed right after the verb, but this placement do not necessarily denote a question. An inverted question mark is placed before the sentence and a normal question mark after the sentence.  Important question words that are placed frirst in a sentence are:

Que cosa - what, qui - who

Que cosa comes? - what do you eat? Qui eres? - who are you?